Scope and Sequence (Updated 6/28/10)

Scope and Sequence for English

Middle School

In addition to mastering all previous objectives, by the end of middle school, the student will be able to do the following:

GRAMMAR

¨     Identify the following parts of speech:

Nouns

Pronouns

Verbs (perfect and progressive tenses, participles, passive/active voice, irregular)

Adjectives

Adverbs (conjunctive adverbs (e.g., consequently, furthermore, indeed)

Prepositions (influence of prepositional phrases on subject/verb agreement)

Conjunctions (subordinate conjunctions

Interjections

¨     Identify independent and dependent clauses

¨     Recognize the following types of sentences: simple, compound and complex

¨     Identify basic parts of a sentence: subject, verb, and complement

¨     Identify the following types of phrases: prepositional, participial, appositive, gerund and infinitive

WRITING

¨     Plan a first draft by selecting appropriate genre and developing a thesis or controlling idea and then develop it by choosing an appropriate organizational strategy (e.g., sequence of events, cause-effect, compare-contrast)

¨     Revise one’s own and other’s drafts (e.g., diction, sensory words, variety of sentence beginnings and sentence structures, appropriate transitions)

¨     Write an imaginative story with the following: sensory details to create a believable setting, interesting characters, use of a range of literary strategies and devices to enhance the style and tone

¨     Write a poem using the following: poetic techniques (e.g., rhyme scheme, meter), figurative language (e.g., personification, idioms, hyperbole), and graphic elements (e.g. word position)

¨     Write a personal narrative that clearly communicates the importance of or reasons for actions and/or consequences

¨     Write a multi-paragraph essay that does the following: presents effective introductions and conclusions, contains a clearly stated purpose, is logically organized with no extraneous information or inconsistencies, contains a variety of sentence structures, rhetorical devices, and transitions and accurately synthesizes ideas from several sources

¨     Write a letter that reflects and opinion, registers a complaint, or requests information in a business or friendly context and in the proper format

¨     Write responses to literary and expository texts providing sustained evidence using quotations where appropriate

¨     Produce a multimedia presentation involving text, graphics, images, and sound using available technology

¨     Write a persuasive essay with the following: a clear thesis or position, acknowledgement of the views of others and a response to these views, evidence that differentiates between fact and opinion

¨     Know and follow capitalization and punctuation rules

¨     Successfully write the following types of compositions: persuasive, comparison/contrast, descriptive, informative and how-to

¨     Understand and follow the basic writing process: pre-writing (including basic outlines), writing, proofing, editing, publishing

¨     Write in complete sentences varying the sentence types: simple, compound, complex, compound-complex

¨     Write without using first or second person pronouns (unless appropriate)

¨     Write sentences using correct grammar:  subject/verb agreement, pronoun/antecedent agreement, proper verb forms and proper cases of pronouns, and proper usage of adjectives and adverbs

¨     Avoid misspelling common words

¨     Write with a variety of sentence beginnings (prepositional phrases, subordinate clauses, infinitive phrases and participial phrases)

¨     Use all parts of speech appropriately in writing

¨     Use phrases appropriately for elaboration or for sentence combining

¨     Edit his/her own writing as well as the writing of others

¨     Revise drafts by adding, elaborating, deleting, combining and rearranging text

¨     Follow the format and steps for a basic research paper

READING

¨     Identify basic elements of a short story and novel (setting, point of view, plot, characters, conflict, climax)

¨     Identify theme(s) of a literary work and explain the difference between the theme and the author’s purpose

¨     Recognize sensory details

¨     Read traditional and classical literature from various cultures and identify the function of stylistic elements (e.g., magic helper, rule of three, extended simile, the quest, the hero’s tasks, circle stories)

¨     Compare and contrast the mythologies from different cultures (e.g., ideas of afterlife, roles and characteristics of deities, purposes of myths)

¨     Explain how the historical and cultural setting of a literary work affects the values and beliefs of the characters and it influence on plot development

¨     Analyze linear plot developments (e.g., conflict, rising action, falling action, resolution, subplots) to determine whether and how conflicts are resolved

¨     Recognize dialect and explain how authors use dialect to convey character

¨     Analyze how the central characters’ qualities influence the theme of a fictional work and resolution of the central conflict

¨     Describe points of view (e.g., 1^st person, 3^rd person omniscient, 3^rd person limited) and analyze the forms included subjective vs. objective

¨     Analyze passages of well-known speeches for the author’s use of literary devices and word and phrase choice (e.g., aphorisms, epigraphs) to appeal to the audience

¨     Identify the literary language and devices used in memoirs and personal narratives and compare their characteristics with those of an autobiography

¨     Describe the structural and substantive differences between an autobiography or a diary and a fictional adaptation of it

¨     Explain how figurative language (e.g., hyperbole, similes, metaphors, personification) contributes to the meaning of a poem

¨     Analyze the importance of graphical elements (e.g., capital letters, word position, line length) on the meaning of a poem

¨     Compare and contrast the relationship between the purpose and characteristics of different poetic forms (e.g., epic poetry, lyric poetry)

¨     Succinctly summarize the main ideas, supporting details, and relationships among ideas

¨     Explain how different organizational patterns (e.g., proposition-and-support, problem-and-solution) influences the relationships among the ideas, the main idea, and the author’s viewpoint

¨     Use different organizational patterns as guides for summarizing and forming an overview of different kinds of expository text

¨     Synthesize and make logical connections between ideas within a text and across two or three texts representing similar or different genres and support those findings with textual evidence

¨     Compare and contrast persuasive texts that reached different conclusions about the same issue and explain how the authors reached their conclusions through analyzing the evidence each presents

¨     Analyze the use of rhetorical and logical fallacies as loaded terms, caricatures, leading questions, false assumptions, and incorrect premises in persuasive texts

¨     Analyze texts for missing or extraneous information in  multi-step directions or legends for diagrams

¨     Interpret and evaluate graphics for their clarity in communicating meaning and explain the function of the graphical components of a text

¨     Distinguish between fact and opinion

LISTENING AND SPEAKING

¨     Listen to and interpret a speaker’s purpose by explaining the content, evaluating the delivery of the presentation, and asking questions or making comments about the evidence that supports a speaker’s claims

¨     Follow and give complex oral instructions to perform specific tasks, answer questions, or solve problems

¨     Draw conclusions about the speaker’s message by considering verbal communication (e.g., word choice, tone) and nonverbal cues (e.g., posture, gestures, facial expressions)

¨     Summarize formal and informal presentations, distinguish between facts and opinions, and determine the effectiveness of rhetorical devices

¨     Advocate a position using anecdotes or analogies, use eye contact, speaking rate, volume, enunciation, a variety of nature gestures, and conventions of language to communicate ideas effectively

¨     Students will work in teams and participate productively in discussions, plan agendas with clear goals and deadlines, set time limits for speakers, take notes, and vote on key issues

VOCABULARY

¨     When given a choice of definitions, can recognize the meaning of the words from the SAT list

¨     Identify the meaning of common Greek and Latin roots

¨     Use context to determine the meaning of words

¨     Complete analogies: antonyms/synonyms, part/whole, function or description/object

¨     Identify common words or word parts from other languages that are used in English and explain the meaning of these words

¨     Use a dictionary, thesaurus, or glossary to determine the meanings, syllabication, pronunciations, alternate word choices, and parts of speech of words

RESEARCH

¨     Brainstorm, consult with others, decide upon a topic, and formulate open-ended questions to address the major research topic

¨     Generate a research plan and apply steps for obtaining and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources

¨     Follow the research plan to gather information from a range of relevant print and electronic sources

¨     Record and categorize information thematically

¨     Record bibliographic information (e.g., author, title, page number) for all notes and sources according to a standard format

¨     Differentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism and identify the importance of citing valid and reliable sources

¨     Narrow or broaden the major research question, if necessary, based on further research and investigation

¨     Evaluate the reliability of sources used (e.g., publication date, coverage, language, point of view) and explain why one source is more useful than another

¨     Synthesize the research into a written or an oral presentation that includes the following: develops the topic and gives relevant reasons for conclusions, and follows accepted formats for integrating quotations and citations into the written text to maintain a flow of ideas

MEDIA

¨     Explain both explicit and implicit messages in various forms of media

¨     Evaluate the role of media in focusing attention on events and informing opinion on issues

¨     Interpret how visual and sound techniques (e.g., special effects, camera angles, lighting, music) influence the message

¨     Critique persuasive techniques (e.g., testimonials, bandwagon appeal) used in media messages

¨     Recognize how various techniques influence viewers’ emotions and evaluate various ways media influences and informs audiences

¨     Evaluate various techniques used to create a point of view in media and the impact on audience

¨     Assess the correct level of formality and tone for successful participation in various digital media

Literary Works by Grade Level

7^th grade

¨     The Outsiders

¨     Stargirl

8^th grade

¨     The Clay Marble

¨     Diary of Anne Frank

¨     Farewell to Manzanar

¨     The Glory Field

¨     Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry

¨     The Witch of Blackbird Pond

¨     Shane

Last updated June 28, 2010

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