Nomenclature

oxidation state = charge on an atom or group of atoms

anion = negatively charged ion (gains electrons); non - metals, most polyatomic ions

cation = positively charged ion (loses electrons); metals

Ionic compound = a substance made up of (+) and (-) ions combined so that they cancel out the oxidation

Binary molecule = a substance composed of 2 different nonmetals

binary acid = a substance beginning with H+ and mixed with another nonmetal or polyatomic ion

nomenclature = a universal naming system for compounds

oxyacid = an acidic substance (starts with H=) that contains oxygen

Product = the resulting substance of a chemical reaction

chemical reaction = chemical change that occurs when 2 substances are mixed/heated.

coefficient = the whole number that appears in the front of a chemical formula to balance

reactant = the beginningsubstances of a chemical rxn

Activity series list = a list of elements organized according to the ease with which they undergo a chemical reaction

combustion = a change in which a hydrocarbon combines with oxygen to release carbon dioxide gas and water

synthesis rxn = a change in which 2 or more substances combine to form one product

decomposition = a change in shich a single substance breaks down into 2 or more simpler subtances

diatomic molecules = a substance containing 2 of the same type of atoms: H, N,O,F,Cl,Br,I

double replacement reaction = (metathesis rxn) a change in which the cations of 2 compounds exchange laces in an aqueous solution

single replacement rxn = a change in which one element replaces a similar substance in a compound

yield = the produce; separates the reactants from the products in a chemical equation

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