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Chapter 1 Objectives
SEMESTER 1:
Chapter 1 - Explain what the goal of science is.
- Construct questions science can and cannot answer.
- Explain what a hypothesis is.
- Describe how scientists use the scientific method to test hypotheses.
- Explain how a scientific theory develops.
- Describe characteristics of living things.
- Utilize the measurement system most scientists use.
- Properly utilize a compound light microscope.
- Identify various lab equipment and use equipment appropriately.
- Explain why it is important to work safely in lab.
Chapter 2
- Identify the 3 parts of an atom (subatomic particles).
- Describe how isotopes and ions of an atom are similar and how they are different.
- Describe how atoms bond to create compounds
- Explain why water molecules are polar.
- Explain what acidic, basic and neutral solutions are and give examples.
- Use a pH scale.
- Describe the biological importance of 4 organic compounds.
- Balance a chemical equation to account for all atoms in a chemical reaction
- Describe how energy changes in chemical reactions.
- Explain why enzymes are important to living things.
Chapter 3
- Identify the levels of organization that ecologists study.
- Identify the source of energy for all of life's processes.
- Trace the flow of energy through living systems.
- Analyze energy transfer in food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids.
- Describe how matter cycles amojng the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.
Chapter 4
- Identify how earth's temperature range is maintained.
- Explain how biotic and abiotic factors influence an ecosystem.
Chapter 5
- Identify factors that affect a population size.
- Differentiate between exponential and logistic growth.
- Identify factors that limit population growth.
- Differentiate between density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors.
- Identify community interactions that may affect population size.
- Describe how the human population has changed over time.
- Compare how population growth differs around the world.
- Make predictions about future human population growth.
Chapter 6
- Describe human activities that affect the biosphere.
- Explain how environmental resources are classified and give examples.
- Explain how human activities contribute to global changes.
- Define biodiversity and explain its value.
- Identify current threats to biodiversity.
- Identify actions humans can take to preserve biodiversity and reduce negative environmental impact.
Chapter 7 - Explain the 3 parts of the cell theory and identify the major scientists who contributed to this theory.
- Name the basic parts and functions of a eukaryotic cell.
- Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Compare and contrast animal cells and plant cells.
- Identify the main components and functions of the cell membrane.
- Describe what happens during diffusion.
- Explain the process of osmosis.
- Describe what cell specialization is.
- Identify the organizaiton levels in multicellular organisms.
Chapter 8
- Explain where plants get the energy necessary for making food.
- Describe the role of ATP in cellular activities.
- Explain what the experiments of van Helmont, Priestley, and Ingenhousz reveal about how plants grow.
- State the overall equation and purpose of photosynthesis.
- Describe the role of light and pigments (chlorophyll especially) in the process of photosynthesis.
- Accurately use chromatography to separate plant pigments.
Chapter 9
- Describe what happens during glycolysis.
- Name the two main types of fermentation.
- Explain what cellular respiration is.
- Identify three pathways the body uses to release energy during exercise.
- Compare and contrast photosynthesis and respiration.
SEMESTER 2:
Chapter 10
- Explain the problems growth causes for cells.
- Describe how cell division solves the problems of cell growth.
- Name the main events of the cell cycle.
- Describe what occurs during the phases of mitosis (PMAT).
- Describe how the cell cycle is regulated.
- Explain how cancer cells are different from other cells.
Chapter 11
- Describe why Mendel is called the "father of genetics".
- Explain Mendel's principle of dominance.
- Describe what happens during segregation.
- Explain how geneticists use the principle of probability.
- Utilize punnett squares to make genetics predictions.
- Contrast the chromosome number of body cells versus gametes.
- Summarize the events of meiosis.
- Contrast mitosis and meiosis.
Chapter 12
- Summarize the scientists and their discoveries leading to the structure of DNA.
- Sketch and build a model of the structure of DNA.
- Summarize the events of DNA replication.
- Relate the DNA molecule to the chromosome structure.
- Tell how RNA differs from DNA.
- Name 3 types of RNA.
- Summarize the events of transcription and translation.
- Identify where each process occurs in a cell.
Chapter 13
- Explain the purpose of selective breeding.
- Describe how scientists make changes to DNA.
- Explain how transgenic organisms are made.
- Summarize the main steps in cloning.
- Discuss current events in biotechnology.
Chapter 14
- Identy the types of human chromosomes in a karyotype.
- Explain how sex is determined.
- Explain how pedigrees are used to study human traits.
- Explain how small changes in DNA cause genetic disorders.
Chapter 15
- Describe the voyage of the Beagle
- Identify Charles Darwin and his contributions to science.
- Describe Darwin's observations on the Galapagos Islands.
- Identify how Lamarck thought species evolved.
- Describe the events leading to Darwin's publication of "On the Origin of Species".
- Describe what natural variation and species fitness is.
- Identify evidence Darwin used to present his theory of natural selection.
Chapter 16
- Describe how natural selection affects traits.
- Identify the conditions necessary for new species to evolve.
- Describe the process of speciation in the Galapagos finches.
Chapter 17
- Describe what the fossil record can tell us about living things.
- Describe the processes of relative and radioactive dating.
- Describe how conditions on early earth were different than today.
- Summarize how life forms may have changed over time.
Chapter 18
- Explain how living things are organized for study.
- Describe binomial nomenclature
- Explain Linnaeus' system of classification
- Name the 6 kingdoms of living things and give examples.
- Utilize a dichotomous key.
Chapter 19
- Describe the factors that are used to identify prokaryotes.
- Explain how the two kingdoms of prokaryotes differ.
- Describe the benefits of bacteria.
- Explain how bacteria cause disease and give examples.
- Describe how bacteria are controlled.
- Describe the structure of a virus.
- Explain how viruses cause infection and give examples.
Chapter 20
- Explain what a protist is.
- Describe the distinguishing characteristics of the major phyla of protists.
- Describe how some protists cause disease and give examples.
Chapter 21
- Identify the defining characteristics of fungi
- Describe the main structures of a fungus.
- Explain how fungi reproduce.
- Identify 4 main groups of fungi and examples.
- Describe benefits of fungi.
- Describe problems parasitic fungi cause.
- Describe two types of symbiotic fungi.
Chapters 22, 24, 25
- Identify the defining characteristics of plants.
- Describe the adaptations of bryophytes, tracheophytes.
- Identify 3 groups of bryophytes
- Explain how bryophytes reproduce
- Explain how vascular tissue is important
- Identify the characteristics of angiosperms, gymnosperms
- Explain what monocots and dicots are.
- Identify the reproductive structures of gymosperms and angiosperms
- Describe the development and structures of seeds and fruits.
- Explain how seeds are dispersed.
- Explain what plant hormones are and how they affect plants.
- Explain what plant tropisms are and how they affect plants.
- Summarize how plants are adapted to different environments.
- Explain how plants use chemical defenses (nicotine, for ex)
Chapters 26 - 29
- List the characteristics of all animals.
- Explain the characteristics of each phylum of invertebrates and give examples.
- Describe the benefits and harm caused by each phylum of invertebrates.
- Describe how the basic life functions of each invertebrate group are carried out.
Chapter 30 - 33
- Compare and contrast the characteristics of invertebrate and vertebrate animals.
- Explain the characteristics of chordates.
- Explain the characteristics of each vertebrate class and give examples.
- Describe benefits and harm caused by each class of vertebrate animals.
- Describe how the basic life functions of each vertebrate group are carried out.
Ms. Becherer
Belleville District 201
East Campus
2555 West Blvd.
Belleville, IL 62221
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